Phytocompounds from Amazonian Plant Species against Acute Kidney Injury: Potential Nephroprotective Effects.

There are several Amazonian plant species with potential pharmacological validation for the treatment of acute kidney injury, a condition in which the kidneys are unable to adequately filter the blood, resulting in the accumulation of toxins and waste in the body. Scientific production on plant compounds capable of preventing or attenuating acute kidney injury-caused by several factors, including ischemia, toxins, and inflammation-has shown promising results in animal models of acute kidney injury and some preliminary studies in humans. Despite the popular use of Amazonian plant species for kidney disorders, further pharmacological studies are needed to identify active compounds and subsequently conduct more complex preclinical trials. This article is a brief review of phytocompounds with potential nephroprotective effects against acute kidney injury (AKI). The classes of Amazonian plant compounds with significant biological activity most evident in the consulted literature were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. An expressive phytochemical and pharmacological relevance of the studied species was identified, although with insufficiently explored potential, mainly in the face of AKI, a clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality.

Clinical Safety of a Pharmaceutical Formulation Containing an Extract of Acmella oleracea (L.) in Patients With Premature Ejaculation: A Pilot Study.

Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (Asteraceae) is a plant species widely used in traditional Amazonian medicine to treat sexual dysfunction. The use of this plant has gained popularity because of its sensory properties, such as a tingling sensation. In this study on patients with premature ejaculation, we evaluated the clinical action of a nano-formulation containing an ethanolic extract of A. oleracea inflorescences. Major constituents in the extracts were identified based on gas chromatographic analysis. Participants used a spray preparation based on the A. oleracea extract for 12 weeks, during which they were instructed to apply the product 5 min prior to sexual intercourse. To assess therapeutic efficacy, participants were required to record the mean intravaginal latency time for ejaculation (IELT). During the period of spray treatment, the nano-formulation of A. oleracea increased participant IELT values (M = 293 s) compared with the baseline values (193 s). This nano-formulation reported clinical action in patients with premature ejaculation. It is accordingly considered to have potential application as a therapeutic alternative with benefits for both patients and their partners. Given the small number of participants in this study, further multicenter studies involving a larger number of participants are needed to confirm these observations.

Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Brazilian Green Propolis Using Ultrasound-Assisted Associated with Low- and High-Pressure Extraction Methods.

The demand for bee products has been growing, especially regarding their application in complementary medicine. Apis mellifera bees using Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) as substrate produce green propolis. Among the examples of bioactivity of this matrix are antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral actions. This work aimed to verify the impact of the experimental conditions applied in low- and high-pressure extractions of green propolis, using sonication (60 kHz) as pretreatment to determine the antioxidant profile in the extracts. Total flavonoid content (18.82 ± 1.15-50.47 ± 0.77 mgQE·g-1), total phenolic compounds (194.12 ± 3.40-439.05 ± 0.90 mgGAE·g-1) and antioxidant capacity by DPPH (33.86 ± 1.99-201.29 ± 0.31 µg·mL-1) of the twelve green propolis extracts were determined. By means of HPLC-DAD, it was possible to quantify nine of the fifteen compounds analyzed. The results highlighted formononetin (4.76 ± 0.16-14.80 ± 0.02 mg·g-1) and p-coumaric acid (

Preclinical safety evaluation of the ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Gomphrena celosioides Mart. in rodents.

The toxicological potential of the ethanolic extract from Gomphrena celosioides (EEGC), a medicinal plant used as a natural analgesic, was investigated in acute and subacute toxicity models in rodents. For the acute toxicity test, 2000 mg/kg of EEGC was administered orally to male and female Wistar rats, while Swiss mice received 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg of EEGC for the subacute toxicity test. Animals treated with an only dose of 2000 mg/kg EEGC showed no clinical signs of toxicity, indicating that the LD50 is higher than this dose. The repeated treatment with EEGC did not cause adverse clinical signs, or lesions in target tissues. According to the Globally Harmonized System of classification, the EEGC dosages can be in Category 5 which is the least toxic or non-toxic one.

Diagnóstico situacional do programa academia da saúde no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: relatório técnico 2022 / Situational diagnosis of the health academy program in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: technical report 2022

O Programa Academia na Saúde (PAS) é considerado como um programa estratégico para a execução das Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS) e da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB), e o programa é apontado como uma das ações de prevenção e controle que integram o Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT).

Cuidados paliativos no manejo da insuficiência cardíaca / Palliative care in the management of heart failure

Introdução: a insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma condição que determina grande sofrimento aos pacientes. Entretanto, a prática de cuidados paliativos (CP) no seu manejo ainda é bastante incipiente. Objetivos: analisar a distribuição territorial dos serviços de CP no Brasil e discutir o papel destes no manejo de pacientes com IC. Metodologia: estudo exploratório documental, com informações demográficas e epidemiológicasobtidas do DATASUS e do IBGE. A relação dos serviços de CP foi obtida da Associação Brasileira de Cuidados Paliativos (ABCP), da Academia Nacional de Cuidados Paliativos (ANCP) e do Ministério da Saúde (MS). A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases PubMed, LILACS e Scielo, usando os descritores insuficiência cardíaca, cuidados paliativos,qualidade de vida e assistência terminal. Resultados: entre 1996 e 2013 houve mais de 500 mil óbitos por IC no país. Em 2014, os custos hospitalares para tratamento de IC foram superiores a R$ 315 milhões. Embora os CP sejam eficazes no manejo da IC, há baixa disponibilidade desses serviços, que se concentram principalmente no Sudeste, vinculados a instituições oncológicas. Conclusão: a IC é uma síndrome clínica complexa que exige abordagem interdisciplinar. A atenção holística provida pelos CPs mostra-se eficaz na redução de internações por doença descompensada, na incidência de depressão e na melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a condition that results in great suffering to patients. However, the practice of palliative care in their management is still incipient. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the territorial distribution of palliative care services in Brazil and discuss their role in the treatment of patients with HF. Methods: This is a documental exploratory study, with information obtained from DATASUS, IBGE, the Brazilian Association of Palliative Care (ABCP) and the National Palliative Care Academy (ANCP). A literature review was conducted on PubMed, LILACS and Scielo, using the descriptors Heart Failure, Palliative Care, Quality of Life and Terminal Care. Results: Between 1996 and 2013 there were over than 500.000 deaths due to HF in Brazil. In 2014, hospital costs for treating HF were higher than R$ 315 million. Despite the evidence of the effectiveness of palliative care in heart failure?s management, there is low availability of these services, which is mainly concentrated in the southeast of the country, linked to oncological institutions. Conclusion: The HF is a clinical syndrome that requires an interdisciplinary approach. The holistic care provided by palliative care is effective in reducinghospitalizations for complications of the HF, the incidence of depression and in improving the patient?s quality of life.